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Objective:To establish the fingerprints of Microctis Folium by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC); To determine the contents of three flavonoids in the Microctis Folium; To evaluate the quality difference of Microctis Folium from different producing areas. Methods:The fingerprints were performed on Agilent ZORBAX SB C18 column (2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile - 0.1 % acetic acid solution with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.30 ml/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 315 nm. The common fingerprint peaks were identified by UPLC-mass spectrometry, and the identification results were confirmed by comparison of reference materials. Waters Cortecs T3 C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.6 μm) was used for content determination. The mobile phase was methanol-0.1 % formic acid solution with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 ml/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 339 nm. The contents of vitexin, isovitexin and narcissoside in 15 batches of Microctis Folium from different habitats were determine. Results:There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprint of Microctis Folium. Identified by mass spectrometry and confirmed by reference substance,10 chemical components were identified, including caffeic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol-3-O-rutoside, astragaloside, narcissoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and linden glycoside. The similarity between the fingerprints of 15 batches of Microctis Folium and the control fingerprint was greater than 0.95, indicating that the overall similarity of the fingerprints of Microctis Folium from different producing areas was high. The total contents of three active components were 3.23-5.64 mg/g in Yangjiang City, Guangdong, 3.60-5.78 mg/g in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, 4.68-5.73 mg/g in Yulin City, Guangxi and 3.87-5.21 mg/g in Wuzhishan City, Hainan . There was no significant difference in the content of three active components in different producing areas. Conclusion:The fingerprints and the determination method established in the study are stable and feasible, which can be used for the quality evaluation of Microctis Folium.
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Objective:To analyze high-risk behaviors related to HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited by different methods in Zhenjiang city, and to provide a reference for precise prevention and control of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) .Methods:From April to June in 2020, MSM in Zhenjiang city were recruited as research subjects through the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinic and community-based organizations (CBOs) . Information such as demographic characteristics, drug abuse, HIV testing history and high-risk sexual behavior were collected through a unified questionnaire survey. Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze differences in relevant characteristics of MSM recruited by different methods.Results:A total of 641 MSM were recruited by the two methods, including 442 (68.95%) recruited from CBOs and 199 (31.05%) from CDC; the proportion of MSM aged under 20 years was significantly higher in the CBO group (6.56%) than in the CDC group (1.01%, χ2 = 9.20, P = 0.002) ; the proportions of MSM receiving health education information on potential hazards of drug use from professional health institutions and new network media were significantly higher in the CDC group (7.54% [15/199], 16.58% [33/199], respectively) than in the CBO group (3.39% [15/442], χ2 = 5.28, P = 0.022; 9.50% [42/442], χ2 = 6.66, P = 0.010) . In terms of characteristics of sexual behavior, the CBO group showed significantly increased proportions of individuals having group sex (25.21%, 30 cases) and those having unprotected sexual intercourse with women (47.51%, 210 cases) compared with the CDC group (7.50% [6 cases], χ2 = 10.13, P = 0.001; 27.64% [55 cases], χ2 = 22.35, P < 0.001, respectively) , but significantly decreased proportions of heterosexuals (2.04%, 9 cases) , individuals unknowing about the HIV status of sexual partners (22.40%, 99 cases) and those having unprotected anal sex with men (39.82%, 176 cases) compared with the CDC group (6.53% [13 cases], χ2 = 8.37, P = 0.004; 39.70% [79 cases], χ2 = 20.48, P < 0.001; 57.29% [114 cases], χ2 = 16.90, P < 0.001, respectively) . Compared with the CDC group, the CBO group showed significantly decreased proportions of individuals ever having an HIV test (74.43% [329 cases] vs. 80.90% [161 cases], χ2 = 3.19, P = 0.074) and those getting the latest HIV test from CDC (23.10% [76 cases] vs. 57.14% [92 cases], χ2 = 99.41, P < 0.001) , as well as decreased prevalence of HIV infection (5.20% [23 cases] vs. 13.07% [26 cases], χ2 = 21.85, P < 0.001) . Conclusions:The MSM recruited from CBO and CDC are complementary in terms of demographics and behaviors, and can represent the general MSM population. Specific prevention and control measures for AIDS should be taken according to different characteristics of the MSM population.
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Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent complication of patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) and significantly affects morbidity and mortality. Disease course may vary from stable or mildly progressive to more severe, with rapid loss of lung function. At present, there are great challenges and poor prognosis in the diagnosis and treatment of CTD-ILD. Based on the evidence and guidelines from China and other countries, experts from the Chinese Rheumatology Association developed standardization of diagnosis and treatment of CTD-ILD. The aim is to strengthen the early identification of, standardize the diagnosis and treatment of CTD-ILD, and delay the progress of the disease.
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The gynecological malignancy has a high incidence and mortality. More efficient treatment methods still need to be explored to improve the survival benefits. Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to intelligently process the original problems by simulating the thinking way of human brain. It has obtained significant progress in gynecological malignancy, with great potential in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the application of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignancy, and mainly introduces the research progress on AI in the radiotherapy. This paper mainly focuses on the key issues such as automatic delineation, dose prediction, radiotoxicity prediction and efficacy prediction, and discusses the current benefits and limitations of AI in radiotherapy of gynecological malignancy.
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This study deeply analyzes the common problems of three military medical universities in the management of undergraduate extracurricular scientific research, such as lack of communication means, limited online resources, backward laboratory opening and low utilization rate of equipment. We have built a cloud platform management system for undergraduate extracurricular scientific research. This system firstly sets up a teaching resources storage module including videos, PPTs, documents, pictures, electronic materials, question bank, etc. Then four subsystems for different roles of students, mentors, experimental teaching staff and administrators are constructed. Finally, this system realizes independent experiments by students, real-time evaluation by mentors, instrument sharing and efficient management through the seamless connection with the user terminal equipment. And the study also makes evaluation on the present usage.
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【Objective】 To investigate the incidence and composition of adverse reactions to blood transfusion(ARBT) in Qingdao hospitals in recent years. 【Methods】 The "Statistical Table of Adverse Reactions to Blood Transfusion in Medical Institutions" issued by Qingdao Quality Control Center of Blood Transfusion throughout 2020 to 2021, involving 96 hospitals in the region, were collected and analyzed, including the number, proportion and types of ARBT, as well as the types of blood components transfused. 【Results】 From 2020 to 2021, 296 676 cases of blood transfusion in 96 hospitals occurred, and the incidence of ARBT was 0.27% (814/296 676), of which the incidence of ARBT involving plasma transfusion was 0.17% [accounting for 39.07% (318/814) of all transfusion reactions], involving platelet transfusion was 0.68% [31.08% (259/814)], involving erythrocyte transfusion was 0.11% [27.64% (225/814)] and cryoprecipitation transfusion 0.03% [1.47% (12/814)]. The types of ARBT were anaphylaxis 77.64% (632/814), fever 19.78% (161/814), transfusion-related dyspnea 1.47% (12/814), transfusion-related circulatory overload 0.37% (3/814), purpura 0.25% (2/814) and transfusion-related hypotension 0.25% (2/814), delayed hemolysis 0.12%(1/814) and acute hemolysis 0.12%(1/814), respectively. 【Conclusion】 In recent years, the incidence of ARBT in local medical institutions is lower than that of domestic general level, and the main reactions are anaphylaxis and fever following the transfusion of plasma or (and) platelets.The monitoring and control of ARBT should be strengthened in each hospital with accurate and timely report, and active preventive measures should be taken to control or reduce the incidence of ARBT effectively.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of adiponectin in sevoflurane pretreatment-induced improvement in cognitive function in mice with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).Methods:Thirty SPF healthy adult male wild-type C57 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), myocardial I/R group (group MI/R) and sevoflurane pretreatment group (group SP). Another 10 SPF healthy male adiponectin knockout SPF mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were selected and served as APNKO group.Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery followed by reperfusion.In SP and APNKO groups, sevoflurane pretreatment included 3 cycles of 10-minute inhalation of 2% sevoflurane-93% O 2-5% CO 2 interspersed with 15-minute inhalation of 95% O 2-5% CO 2, and then the model was established.At 1, 2 and 4 days of reperfusion, cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze test. Results:There was no significant difference in swimming velocity at each time point between the 4 groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group Sham, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased at each time point in group MI/R ( P<0.05). Compared with group MI/R, the escape latency was significantly shortened, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased at each time point in group SP ( P<0.05). Compared with group SP, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased at each time point in group APNKO ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Adiponectin is involved in the process of sevoflurane pretreatment-induced improvement in cognitive function in mice with myocardial I/R.
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Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to various diseases. Autophagy is a membrane driven process and tightly regulated by membrane-associated proteins. Here, we summarized membrane lipid composition, and membrane-associated proteins relevant to autophagy from a spatiotemporal perspective. In particular, we focused on three important membrane remodeling processes in autophagy, lipid transfer for phagophore elongation, membrane scission for phagophore closure, and autophagosome-lysosome membrane fusion. We discussed the significance of the discoveries in this field and possible avenues to follow for future studies. Finally, we summarized the membrane-associated biochemical techniques and assays used to study membrane properties, with a discussion of their applications in autophagy.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship among happiness, resilience, optimistic intelligence quotient and perceived social support in patients with advanced gynecological cancer.Methods:A total of 269 patients with advanced gynecological cancer from January 2018 to January 2019 in three top three hospitals in Shanghai were selected as subjects by convenient sampling.The basic information questionnaire, Memorial University of New-foundland scale of happiness, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale simplified Chinese version, Optimistic Intelligence Quotient Questionnaire and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate.Results:The score of happiness was (32.45±6.37), the score of resilience was (30.64±8.78),the score of optimistic intelligence quotient was (62.74±12.49) and the score of perceived social support was (68.14±4.25) in patients with advanced gynecological cancer. Linear regression equation analysis showed that happiness and optimistic intelligence quotient × happiness had significant predictive effect on resilience ( β values were 0.547, 0.016, P < 0.05), optimistic intelligence quotient had no significant predictive effect on resilience ( P>0.05), and optimistic intelligence quotient, happiness, resilience, optimistic intelligence quotient×happiness had significant predictive effect on perceived social support ( β values were 0.015-0.251, P<0.01). Happiness could regulate the direct path and the first half of the mediating effect of resilience between perceived social support and optimistic intelligence quotient. According to Johnson-Neyman's analysis, the boundary value of the moderating effect of happiness between optimistic intelligence quotient and resilience was 26.19, and the boundary value of the moderating effect of happiness between optimistic intelligence quotient and perceived social support was 22.08. Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between optimistic intelligence quotient and perceived social support in patients with advanced gynecological cancer. Resilience can play a significant mediating role between optimistic intelligence quotient and perceived social support under the regulation of happiness, which can provide corresponding psychological intervention for patients with advanced gynecological cancer.
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Photoperiod plays an important role in transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in plants. CONSTANS (CO), as a unique gene in the photoperiod pathway, responds to changes of day length to initiate flowering in the plant. In this study, the expression level of FaCONSTANS (FaCO) gene under long-day, short-day, continuous light and continuous darkness conditions was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. We constructed the over-expression vector p1300-FaCO and infected into Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium-mediated method. We constructed the silencing vector p1300-FaCO-RNAi and infected into Festuca arundinacea by Agrobacterium-mediated method. The expression of FaCO gene was regulated by photoperiod. The over-expression of FaCO promoted flowering in wild type of Arabidopsis thaliana under long day condition and rescued the late flowering phenotype in co-2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. Silencing FaCO gene in Festuca arundinacea by RNAi showed late-flowering phenotype or always kept in the vegetative growth stage. Our understanding the function of FaCO in flowering regulation will help further understand biological function of this gene in Festuca arundinacea.
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Arabidopsis/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Festuca/metabolism , Flowers/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , PhotoperiodABSTRACT
In this study, 15 second-year resident doctors who had standardized training of OBGYN were taken as research subjects to discuss the effect of training resident doctors with obstetrics forceps by using simulation teaching method. The simulation teaching process includes theoretical study, theoretical examination, simulation teaching of forceps skills and Assessment of forceps skills. In theoretical study section: before learning to use forceps, the students acquired the theoretical knowledge by flipped teaching micro-video mode. In theoretical examination section: the mastery of basic clinical knowledge of using forceps was evaluated through online assessment. In simulation teaching of forceps skills: students who scored 8/10 points were admitted to enter the simulation teaching process, and they had practical training of scenario simulation skills in Clinical Skills Center. In assessment of forceps skills: the mastery of forceps skills was evaluated by standardized forceps delivery procedure items. The results showed that the students in the simulation teaching group had excellent teaching assessment results, and the resident doctors had more confidence in operating forceps independently, and the teaching effect was ideal, which could further promote the simulation teaching of obstetric clinical skills.
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Objective@#To investigate the level of the core knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province in 2018. @*Methods@#From April to May 2018, a total of 1 386 residents from Chaotian District of Guangyuan, Enyang District of Bazhong, Nanjiang County of Bazhong, Cangxi County of Guangyuan, Shehong County of Suining, Yilong County of Nanchong, Xichong County of Nanchong and Xuanhan County of Dazhou were recruited in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic demographic characteristics and the knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment of different population was analyzed. A multivariate linear regression model was performed to analyze the related factors. @*Results@#In total, 80.9% (1 120) of all subjects was 25-64 years old and 48.0% (665) were male. The total number of questions answered by the subjects was 18 018, of which 12 147 were known, and the overall awareness rate among the respondents was 67.42%. The female respondents, respondentsaged 65 years old and over, with junior college education or above, and worked in government institutions had a good performance of the core knowledge (P<0.05), about 70.11% (6 571/9 373), 69.23% (387/559), 76.05% (6 327/8 320), and 77.09% (5 602/7 267) respectively. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that the older the age [β=0.871 (95%CI: 0.623-1.119)], the higher the educational level [β=0.741 (95%CI: 0.540-0.943)], the more questions respondents could know; compared with the workers in government organization and institution, workers in enterprise [β=-2.913 (95%CI:-3.499--2.327)], farming workers [β=-0.635 (95%CI:-1.175--0.095)] and other occupation people [β=-1.126 (95%CI:-1.663--0.589)] could know fewer questions. @*Conclusion@#In 2018, the level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province was relatively high. Age, education level and occupation were relevant factors.
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Objective To analyze Professor Wu Weiping's medication rules on treating the onset of bronchial asthma based on data mining.Methods The patients'records and prescriptions of Professor Wu Weiping on treating the onset of bronchial asthma were collected and collated,and the frequency and regularity of drug combinations were researched by using the association rules of TCM inheritance support system to analyze the medication experience of Professor Wu Weiping.Results By analyzing the 249 prescriptions of 61 patients,drug properties of the prescription:cold (45.6％),warm (42.6％),bitter(37.9％),pungent (27.5％).Channel tropism:lung,spleen,liver,stomach.The top 10 herbal medicine are Qingbanxia,Chaihu,Fangfeng,Huangqin,Mahuang,Wuweizi,Wumei,Qianhu,Chishao,Kuxingren.The top 3 treatment principle is reducing phlegm,expelling wind evil and regulating qi.Xiaochaihu decoction and Guomin decoction were showed in the article.Conclusions Data dining could help to discover the rules of Professor Wu Weiping's treatment of the onset of bronchial asthma.The cold and warm drugs,acrid and bitter drugs were used together frequently,while the drugs belonging to the lung,spleen,liver and stomach meridians were used commonly.The evil of phlegm,qi and wind were paid attention to eliminate pathogen.
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Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of uterine lower posterior wall breakwater-like suture technique in controlling the intraoperative bleeding of placenta previa. Methods From June 2016 to June 2017,47 patients were diagnosed placenta previa in Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Posterior wall breakwater-like suture technique was used preferentially,as for cases with poor myometrium layer,lower anterior wall stitch suture was used at the same time.Bilateral descending branches of uterine artery ligation and Cook balloon compression of uterine lower segment was conducted when necessary. The clinic data of the 47 cases were analyzed. Results Thirty cases(63.8, 30/47)were diagnosed placenta inccreta or percreta by ultrasound or MRI preoperatively.Senventeen cases were diagnosed as placenta accreta(36.2%,17/47).Thirty-four cases had the previous history of cesarean section.The average cervical canal length of 47 patients was(2.8±0.9)cm. There were 19 cases(40.4%,19/47)with 1 time posterior wall breakwater-like sutured and 16 cases (34.0%,16/47)with 2 or 3 times posterior wall breakwater-like sutured; 12 cases(25.5%,12/47)were treated with anterior wall stitch suture simultaneously.Ten cases(21.3%, 10/47)underwent uterine artery ligation, 17 cases(36.2%, 17/47)underwent COOK balloon compression on the staxis surface of lower segment. None of them had postpartum hemorrhage or performed internal iliac artery embolization. The median blood loss in the operation was 700 ml,the percentiles 25 was 500 ml,and the percentiles 75 was 1 200 ml.The blood loss≥1 000 ml in 18(38.3%,18/47)patients,and the most serious one was 2 500 ml. The median blood transfusion volume(including allogenetic transfusion and autotransfusion)was 450 ml, the percentiles 25 was 228 ml,and the percentiles 75 was 675 ml.The average vaginal bleeding volume was (150 ± 63)ml first day after operation. The mean hospitalization time was(4.7 ± 1.0)days. The mean gestational weeks of pregnancy termination was(36.1±1.5)weeks,and the mean birth weight of newborns was(2 817±492)g.Apgar score:1-minute 7.8±1.1,5-minute 8.9±0.8.No neonatal death, 16 cases were transferred to neonatal ICU(34.0%, 16/47)mainly for premature delivery and low birth weight. No complication was found in 6 months post-operation. Conclusions Uterine posterior wall breakwater-like suture technique is a simple,safe and effective way in controlling intraoperative bleeding of placental previa. Lower anterior wall stitch suture could effectively stop bleeding and restore the normal uterine shape. Combined application of various methods could significantly reduce the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and hysterectomy,and improve maternal and fetal prognosis.
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Objective@#To review and discuss the new method ology of mastopexy for moderate mastoptosis.@*Methods@#Periareolar double-circle incisions were made, and the epidermis between the incisions was removed.Separating was performed widely between subcutaneous tissue and gland tissue. The tongue glandular flap, which was made in the below portion of the breast glands, was transferred upward to the mammary space. Then, the glands on both sides of the lower pole of the breast tissue were sutured to shrink the glandular base area.Vertical incision was made in the middle line of the superior portion of the gland. The medial glandular flap was rotated outward, lateral glandular flap was transferred inward and suture fixed was completed. The appearance of breast was reshaped and the nipple-areola complex was elevated.@*Result@#From Oct. 2008 to Jun. 2017, 15 patients were selected to this method for correcting moderate mastoptosis.All cases healed in good shape, no hematoma, infection, nipple necrosis and other serious complications.3 to 24 months follow-up after operation, two breast were symmetrical with nice shape and nipple sensory function properly. Average pre and postoperative left nipple-to-right nipple distance[(20.43±1.22) cm, (19.73±0.80) cm, P<0.05], sternum notch-to-nipple distance[left (23.03±0.99) cm, (20.40±0.71) cm, P<0.05; right (23.17±0.94) cm, (20.43±0.70) cm, P<0.05], mammary areola diameter[left (4.97±0.55) cm, (4.63±0.68)cm, P<0.05; right (4.97±0.50)cm, (4.57±0.50)cm, P<0.05], lower pole of breast-to-inframammary fold distance [left (2.70±0.36) cm, (0.22±0.38) cm, P<0.05; right (2.77±0.44) cm, (0.22±0.38) cm, P<0.05], thoracic circumference at the nipple[(84.29±1.81) cm, (87.83±2.22) cm, P<0.05]. The differences in the those data are statistically significant.@*Conclusions@#Upward transfer of glandular flap provides a new approch for correcting moderate breast ptosis.
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Amyloidosis is a group of disorders with diverse etiology and characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils formed by misfolded proteins. It may ultimately result in multiple tissue injury and progressive disruption of organ function. Amyloidosis is rare and amyloidosis involving gastrointestinal tract is relatively rare,so that gastrointestinal amyloidosis is easily to be misdiagnosed in clinical practice and the prognosis is usually poor. In this review article,the progress in research on amyloidosis,especially gastrointestinal amyloidosis was briefly summarized for improving the understanding,diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal amyloidosis.
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Objective To compare the clinical value of early enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition therapy in postoperative patients of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods 56 cases of cholangiocarcinoma patients were randomly divided into early enteral nutrition group (EPN group) and parenteral nutrition group (PN group).All patients received nutritional support on the basis of metabolic support.Leukocyte count and neutrophil percentage decrease rate,total bilirubin decrease rate and hepatase (valley-C conversion) were counted at 3 and 7 days after operation.The decrease rate of aminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,recovery time of intestinal function (anal exhaust and defecation),incidence rate of surgical site infection (abdominal cavity and wound),hospitalization time after operation,incidence rate of bile leakage and hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups.Results The recovery time of intestinal function [(51.2 ±4.4) h],the decrease rate of leukocyte count (0.438 7 ±0.191 5) and neutrophil ratio (0.179 5 ± 0.046 1),the decrease rate of bilirubin (0.502 5 ± 0.153 5),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (0.688 1 ±0.113 3),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (0.617 0 ± 0.178 8) and hospitalization expenses [(87 852.37 ±9 127.04)yuan] in EPN group were better than those in PN group [(72.0 ± 12.9)h,0.090 5 ±0.120 3,0.083 4 ±0.036 8,0.201 5 ±0.077 8,0.251 6 ±0.419 0,0.230 9 ± 0.437,(109 036.69 ± 7 949.71) yuan,P ＜ 0.05].However,the incidence of abdominal distension (42.31％) was higher than that of PN group (13.33％,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of bile leakage (7.69％) was not significantly different from that of PN group (13.33％,P ＞0.05).Conclusions Early enteral nutrition has obvious advantages in postoperative recovery of patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance ,molecular phenotypes ,virulence gene profiles of Salmonella A gona (S .A gona) isolated from patients with acute diarrhea ,and to better understand its epidemic trend ,prevention and treatment .Methods Clinical data and stool samples of patients with acute diarrhea during April to October in 2013 and 2014 from the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were collected .Enrichment culture ,biochemical identification and serotyping analysis were used to isolate and identify S .A gona strains .The isolated strains were further analyzed with antibiotics susceptibility test ,pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) ,multiple locus sequence typing (MLST ) , Quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) .Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and β-lactamases genes (TEM ,SHV ,OXA ,and CTX-M) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing .The representative genes carried by Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) 1 — 6 ,9 — 12 and virulence plasmids were amplified by PCR .And the clinical characteristics of S .Agona infection were analyzed .Results Among 119 non-repetitive (non-typhoidal salmonella ,NTS) isolates during the two years ,eight isolates (6 .7％ ) of S .A gona were identified . The resistance rate of S .A gona strains to streptomycin was 100 .0％ , those to ampicillin and gentamicin were 62 .5％ ,to levofloxacin ,ciprofloxacin and nalicixic acid were 25 .0％ ,to chloramphenicol ,amoxillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin tazobactam were 12 .5％ .The strains were susceptible to other drugs .All 8 isolates had the identical ST13 genotype .PFGE showed 5 clones ,and 4 out of 5 isolates had the exact same patterns of PFGE and drug susceptibility .Two (fluoroquinolones ,FQ) resistant strains carried gyrA mutation leading to amino acid substitutions at position 87 in GyrA ,and no PMQR genes was detected ,while one of which was sensitive to ciprofloxacin by K-B method .All five ampicillin-resistant isolates were positive for TEM-1b gene and one isolate of them was resistant to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor complex .The representative genes carried by SPI 1 — 6 , 9 ,11 ,12 (hilA ,sseL ,mgtC ,siiE ,sopB ,pagN ,bapA ,pagC and sspH2) were 100 .0％ positive ,while the genes carried by SPI10 (sef A ) virulence plasmids (spvB , prot6E) were negative . Two patients with FQ resistant strains infection were clinically diagnosed with bacillary dysentery ,and the remaining six cases with FQ susceptible strains infection were clinically diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis .Conclusions FQs-resistant and multi-drug resistant S .A gonaisolates have emerged in clinical settings .These isolates carry a variety of virulence genes .Resistance to FQ of S .Agonamay cause more severe illness .ST13 might be the dominant genotype of S . A gona in China ,and we should try to prevent the infection outbreak of S .A gona .
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Purpose To analyze the CT and MRI findings as well as follow-up changes of infantile hepatic hemangio-endothelioma (IHE),so as to provide basis for guiding the clinical establishment of therapeutic protocols.Materials and Methods The clinical data of 21 infants with IHE were analyzed retrospectively,including the imageological manifestations in initial diagnosis and during follow-up.Among the infants,3 received non-enhanced and enhanced scan of both CT and MRI,13 received non-enhanced and enhanced scan of CT only,while 5 received non-enhanced and enhanced scan of MRI only.All infants received ultrasonic examination.Results In non-enhanced CT scan,the tumor was marked by multiple or single intrahepatic low-density nidus with clear boundary,while non-enhanced MRI showed low T1WI signal and high T2WI signal.Enhanced scan of single IHE in arterial phase indicated notable nodular,streak-like and annular enhancement of the edge,while that in delayed period suggested a characteristic of progressive enhancement of tumor from periphery to center.There was not enhancement in necrotic zone in the center of large nidi all the time,while streak-like calcification nidi were found in partial nidi.Obvious whole-tumor enhancement was found in most nodes in the multiple nodular IHE,while moderate enhancement in partial nodes.The enhancement in each enhanced period decreased gradually,and most nidi in delayed period showed slightly high-density or isopycnic shadow.3 infants were misdiagnosed with hepatoblastoma and received surgical resection,but none had recurrence during postoperative ultrasonic follow-up.The rest infants were treated with oral administration of Propranolol and then followed up,and the follow-up results showed that most nidi shrunk to different extent while partial nidi disappeared completely.Conclusion IHE is marked by multiple nidi or single nidus,and the characteristic manifestations of CT and MRI are beneficial to promoting the accuracy rate of diagnosis of IHE.Tumor may shrink spontaneously or disappear if Propranolol is orally administered in treatment of IHE.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare Frovatriptan succinate film-coated tablet,and investigate its in vitro dissolution behavior. METHODS:Using lactose monohydrate,microcrystalline cellulose,dioxide,silica,sodium carboxymethyl starch and magnesium stearate as accessories,Frovatriptan succinate tablet was prepared. Using opadry premix spray-coating liquid,Frovatriptan succinate film-coated tablet was prepared. Single factor test was used,using moisture,angle of repose,rigidity,friability,disintegration time and dissolution rate as indexes,to screen the formulation;using dissolution degree as index,coating material dosage was screened. The dissolution curves in vitro of self-made tablets and imported tablets in water,0.1 mol/L HCL,pH of 5.5,6.8 phos-phate buffer solutions were compared. RESULTS:The optimal formulation of Frovatriptan succinate uncoated tablet was as follow as frovatriptan succinate 3.91 mg,lactose monohydrate 99.18 mg,microcrystalline cellulose 33.06 mg,magnesium stearate 1.40 mg,sodium carboxymethyl starch 1.05 mg,silica 1.40 mg;optimal coating weighed quality was 2.0%-4.0%. In the 4 mediums, the dissolution behavior of self-made tablets and imported tablets were similar. CONCLUSIONS:Frovatriptan succinate film-coated tablet is prepared successfully,and its in vitro dissolution behavior is similar to the imported preparations.